A recently published large clinical trial, CArdiovascular safety and Renal Microvascular outcomE study with LINAgliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes at high vascular risk (CARMELINA®), established hard renal endpoints using DPP-4 inhibitors for the first time and clearly showed that linagliptin administration prevented the progression of microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes7. Here, DPP4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.