Toll-like receptors agonists present in microorganisms can influence Treg functions.19,24 TLR2 and TLR8 agonists can inhibit the suppressive function of Tregs, whereas TLR4 and TLR5 agonists can have the opposite effect.19 Since microorganisms were not isolated, it was not possible to evaluate its direct association with Treg phenotype, but one can presume that at least for part of the women affected by endometriosis, the presence of microorganisms in the peritoneal cavity could modify, via Tregs, the balance of immune or inflammatory cell populations. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is endometriosis.