Demonstrating the clinical significance of our subtyping, 75% of IR type tumours (3/4) showed tumour shrinkage (1/4) or tumour control (2/4) for more than 4 months upon anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, whereas no XB type tumour showed clinical benefit from the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (Fig. 6c, d). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.