Current American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines recommend testing plasma AAT levels in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), unexplained chronic liver disease, bronchiectasis, panniculitis, or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, along with the parents, siblings, and children of individuals with a mutated AAT allele. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is bronchiectasis.