In the 21st century, the responsible mediators and mechanisms of the anti-tumor activity of Coley ́s toxin were identified: bacterial DNA and LPS stimulate Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 9 and TLR4 signaling on a variety of immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells and T cells, thereby enhancing their anti-tumor activity [6,7,8]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is neoplasm.