SERPINA1 and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: Mitochondrial degradation by autophagy was first demonstrated in the liver tissues from patients with alpha (1)-antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency, a chronic liver disease (Table 1) [444,477,478], suggesting that autophagic degradation of mitochondria may be activated to counteract the mitochondrial injury induced by α1-AT deficiency.