Recent research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis has shown that the exacerbated release of proinflammatory cytokines (the so-called “cytokine storm”), such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, is counteracted by certain anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-4, in an attempt to restore immunological stability [26]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Sepsis.