IFNA1 and neoplasm: Biological pathways induced in tumor endothelial cells upon agonistic CD40 mAb treatment were explored by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the hallmark-curated pathway gene sets (Supplementary Table S4).30 Strikingly, tumor endothelial cells from agonistic CD40 mAb treated B16-F10 tumors mainly upregulated inflammation-related hallmark pathways related to interferon (IFN)γ and IFNα response and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling (Figure 1d).