Turicibacter has also been associated with intestinal butyric acid (Zhong et al., 2015), which could increase the secretion and sensitivity of insulin, and has significant anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects (Gao et al., 2009; Li et al., 2013; De Vadder et al., 2014). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.