Consistent with the promoter analysis, altered expression of DPP4 in autoimmune and infectious diseases, hematological cancers, and tumors has been reviewed in detail elsewhere.4,7,11,120 There are several significant differences between mice and humans in this regard, as DPP4 expression in the hematopoietic compartment differs between them. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm.