Consistent with the role of hepatocyte-derived DPP4 in metabolic disease, Ghorpade et al35 identified DPP4 as a circulating casual factor downstream of hepatic CAMKII signaling, which promoted macrophage chemoattractant protein (Mcp1), interleukin 6 (Il6), Tnfa, and il-1b expression and crown-like structures within visceral, but not inguinal or brown adipose tissue. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and Other metabolic disease.