TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These sets may be useful in future studies that aim to explain the overlap of obesity, autoimmune disease and cardiovascular disease.[20–22] The green module genes were overrepresented in all three types of disease, were strongly associated as a set with TNFa, and were nearly all up-regulated by TNFa, while the cyan module genes were overrepresented in metabolic and cardiovascular disease but not autoimmune disease, were not associated as a set with TNFa, and were mostly not up-regulated by TNFa.