IL9 and cancer: In accordance with these roles of autophagy in regulating NF-κB in cancer, Yoon and colleagues demonstrated that enhanced autophagic process and NF-κΒ and STAT3 activation in starved cancer cells caused an increased production of various cytokines and factors including IL-6, interleukin 9 (IL-9), ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) and FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1).