Following induction of diabetes using streptozotocin, GSK3β activation by decreasing Ser9 phosphorylation was associated with increasing signs of inflammation (e.g., TNF, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, 3-nitrotyrosine accumulation) in the liver of diabetic mice and (even more prominent) diabetic mice with zinc deficiency [153]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and diabetes mellitus.