GKN1 and neoplasm: The effect of a combination of capsaicin and H. pylori was associated with increased tumor progression accompanied by substantially reduced expression of several gastric tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including Tff1 by qPCR (0.273 ± 0.120), Tff2 (0.126 ± 0.078), Gkn1 (0.143 ± 0.045), and Gkn2 (0.172 ± 0.060) in the group of mice that developed tumors compared to other groups (p < 0.0001; Figure S2a–d).