The pro-inflammatory cytokines increased significantly in the animals with untreated oral mucositis (5-FU) compared to the PVP group: IL-1β (p < 0.001 vs. 5-FU) (Figure 4A) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001 vs. 5-FU) (Figure 4B). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is oral mucositis.