Though each of these IDC subtypes have distinct proliferative and invasive profiles, there are unifying trends in their glucose metabolism such as: (1) ~50% of cases across subtypes demonstrate perturbations in the insulin receptor signaling pathway during glucose metabolism and (2) type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for the incidence of breast cancer and poorer outcomes [3,4,5,6,7,8]. This evidence concerns the gene INSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus.