MSTN and neoplasm: Additionally, in a Lewis lung carcinoma model, it has been shown that tumor-derived parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates the gene expression involved in adipose tissue thermogenesis (Figure 2), lipolytic enzymes, and muscle atrophy (myostatin, MuRF-1, and MAFbx/atrogin-1), whereas blocking PTHrP, even in the presence of increased tumor size, promoted maintenance of muscle and fat mass in these mice [94].