It was hypothesised that β3-AR/cGMP pools can attenuate excessive cardiotoxic β1-AR/cAMP signalling, as well as pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling which takes place in cardiomyocytes during the progression towards heart failure (Mongillo et al., 2006; Hammond and Balligand, 2012; Takimoto et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene ADRB3 and heart failure.