GPC1 and cancer: Recently, we and other groups have reported the overexpression of GPC1 in various human cancers including glioma, mesothelioma, several squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) such as esophageal and cervical cancers, and several adenocarcinomas such as breast and pancreatic cancer (Hara et al., 2016; Matsuzaki et al., 2018; Matsuda et al., 2001; Melo et al., 2015; Duan et al., 2013; Su et al., 2006; Amatya et al., 2018).