Few studies to date have aimed to investigate the role of TSCM in cancer, but some recent work, focused on the distribution and function of TSCM in antitumor immune responses, showed an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM cells in blood and lymph nodes from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer [34], and in patients with acute-phase adult T cell leukemia, in which TSCM are considered to be a reservoir for the HTLV-1 virus [35]. Here, CD4 is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.