APOE and Alzheimer disease: For instance, while our analysis confirmed the PHS’ association with a range of Alzheimer’s disease-related measures beyond APOE-ε4 carrier status first reported by Tan et al. (2019), these effects mostly disappeared when using a comprehensive correction for the APOE locus comprising the number of APOE-ε2 and APOE-ε4 alleles, mainly owing to the high correlation between PHS and APOE-ε4 burden.