Given the association between TDP-43 pathology and RNA foci in spinal cord motor neurons, and the association between TDP-43 and cognitive deficits in ALS (Henstridge et al., 2017; Gregory et al., 2019), we next sought to examine the relationship between TDP-43 and sense RNA foci in extra-motor brain regions responsible for cognition. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.