TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A key post-mortem diagnostic hallmark of most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases is the presence of intra-cytoplasmic transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) aggregates in motor cortex and spinal cord motor neurons and glia, associated with anterior horn cell loss and gliosis (Arai et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2006).