This should lead researchers to investigate other tumor and patients' characteristics (histological subtype, performance status, blood-derived tests) to get an upfront identification of patients who are likely to respond to CIs and integration of multiple parameters (infiltration of CD8 and other subpopulations of T-cells (92), genomic signatures, specific mutations, expression of different checkpoint inhibitors) beyond PD-L1 status will be crucial. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.