Finally, similarly to certain types of chemotherapy, radiotherapy can be exploited for its ability to cause immunogenic cell death (ICD), thus priming the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and inducing a systemic anti-tumor immune response, that may be further enhanced by PD-1 (pembrolizumab) or PD-L1 (avelumab) blockade (NCT02959463, NCT03399552). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.