The phase 3 trial CheckMate067 involving patients with advanced melanoma showed a significant improvement in ORR and OS in the nivolumab (PD-1 antibody) plus ipilimumab (CTLA-4 antibody) group; compared to CTLA-4 and PD-1 monotherapy, the risks of death in the combination therapy with the two drugs decreased by 46 and 35%, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and melanoma.