Mutations in the BDNF gene have been found to be associated with hyperphagia and obesity in people (74, 75), while exogenous BDNF administration was shown to induce weight loss in animal models (76), although studies on serum BDNF levels in obese individuals have yielded ambiguous results (77). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.