This study found that VEGF improved neuron survival in a dose-dependent manner; this correlated with a reduction in apoptosis-inducing proteins, an increase in apoptosis-preventing proteins and neurotrophic factors such as pigment epithelial-derived factor and a reduction in amyloid beta, which is the neurotoxic protein involved in Alzheimer’s disease (Sanchez et al., 2010). Here, VEGFA is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.