Intestinal stem cell markers (Aldh1a1, Lgr5, Cd133, Cd44) play a critical role in CRC.30 Transcription factors, including Oct4 and Nanog, can regulate embryonic stem cell pluripotency.31 We sought to examine the impact of CSN6 on the expression of these genes that may facilitate sphere formation. The gene discussed is ALDH1A1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.