Considering the role in energy metabolism of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) such as Humanin or small Humanin-like peptides 2 (SHLP2) [88,89], mitochondria-based therapeutics might be potential strategies for treatment of various human metabolic diseases including NAFLD/NASH. Here, MT-RNR2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.