MAPK3 and cancer: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAP kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2/3 (JNK1/2/3), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), are the primary regulators of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells [12].