TNF and inflammation: To investigate the effect of both drugs on renal inflammation we measured the mRNA expression of the cytokines: tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), the chemokines: monocyte chemoattachment protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) as well as the adhesion molecules: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion 1 (VCAM-1).