Hence, not unexpectedly, genetic risk scores for elevated TSH and decreased free thyroxine levels are associated with decreased body height.12 Adult height is positively associated with risk of breast42 and thyroid cancer.43 This suggests that height (through more cells) might mediate the associations of thyroid dysfunction with breast and thyroid cancer, or that growth processes related to thyroid hormones are driving the positive association between height and cancer risk. This evidence concerns the gene TG and thyroid cancer.