This could be explained by the fact that IL-10 induces the autocrine production of IFN-I (Ziegler-Heitbrock et al., 2003) to indirectly modulate Siglec-1 expression in M(IL-10) macrophages, which then contributes to the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection as we previously reported (Souriant et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and HIV-1 infection.