To better understand the pathophysiologic function of ILCs in LN, the percentage of IFN-γ-, IL-13-, and IL-17A-producing circulating ILCs was compared with other kidney diseases (AAV, IgAN, and MCD/FSGS), and HC by flow cytometry (Fig. 2a–c). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.