However, oral administration of 3′-SL (100 and 250 mg/kg) inhibited expression of Th1 cytokines (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Fig. 4a) IFN-gamma and (Fig. 4b and Supplementary Fig. 4b) TNF-α; and Th2 cytokines (Fig. 4c and Supplementary Fig. 4c) IL-4 (Fig. 4d and Supplementary Fig. 4d) IL-5 and (Fig. 4e and Supplementary Fig. 4e) IL-13; and other AD-related cytokines (Fig. 4f and Supplementary Fig. 4f) IL-17 and (Fig. 4g and Supplementary Fig. 4g) Tslp, were also downregulated by oral administration of 3′-SL in the AD induced mice. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.