For instance, ITGAM, also known as CD11b, is a marker of leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells, and is closely related to inflammation in PAH.[23,24] CXCRs and CCRs both encode chemokine receptors which, in combination with CCLs, are critical for the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation.[25,26] Further studies focusing on female patients are warranted, and potential therapies targeting these factors may be useful for the prevention and treatment of PAH, especially in females. Here, ITGAM is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.