STAT1 and cryptococcosis: Ostoji et al reported that ruxolitinib suppresses cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting the T-helper lymphocyte 1 response and reducing the production of interferon-γ.[32] The host defense against C neoformans infection is associated with cell-mediated immunity, especially accomplished by the combined action of activated macrophages, NK cells, and T cells.[33] In addition, Hardison et al[34] reported that STAT1 and signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway play an important role in the protective response against cryptococcosis via STAT1-mediated classical macrophage activation.