CTLA4 and neoplasm: As described in Fig. 2a, effective tumor control against NY-ESO-1 expressing tumors is compromised due to strong interplay of the immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules such as programmed death 1 [PD-1], programmed death-ligand 1[PDL-1], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [CTLA-4],immune-suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (TREG) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).