NFKB1 and neoplasm: Cigarette smoke contains 4000 toxic substances, including nicotine, carcinogens, organic compounds, and free radicals.22 Chronic smoking can cause disorders in the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to oxidative stress and may activate redox‐sensitive transcription factors, such as NF‐κB and activator protein‐1,23 as well as promote tumor development.