In the TME, crosstalk of TAMs with tumor cells and other tumor-associated cells via TNFα not only activates survival and proliferation pathways through the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), fos proto-oncogene (FOS), and jun proto-oncogene (JUN) but also activates apoptotic pathways via TNFR1. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.