Similarly, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the updated molecular testing guideline issued by the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology defines EGFR, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase as the “must test” genes to select patients for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (9–13). The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.