ERFE and thalassemia: Growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), twisted gastrulation 1 (Twsg1) and erythroferrone (Erfe) which are produced by erythroid precursors have been proposed to be potential candidates for hepcidin regulator under such conditions including thalassemia (Tanno et al., 2007, 2009; Kautz et al., 2014).