TP53 and neoplasm: Their anti-tumour activity is attributed to several mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis and increase in caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 [17]; downregulation of CDK2 and upregulation of the tumour suppressor genes p21, p27 and p53 [18]; inhibition of the MDM2–p53 interaction [19]; reversal of multidrug resistance [20]; inhibition of histone deacetylase [21]; and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitosis through the disruption of microtubule dynamics [22].