In a randomized trial of low birth weight newborns, BCG significantly increased in vitro whole blood cytokine responses to heterologous TLR agonists and to PPD in infants 4 weeks post-vaccination, particularly cytokines IL1β, IL-6, TNF, and IFNγ (Jensen et al., 2015), potentially contributing to broad protection against infections. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.