In mouse models, TCR-engineered T cells recognizing AFP and GPC3 have been reported to control liver tumor growth [73,74], while phase I trials are currently evaluating genetically modified T cells expressing AFP-specific TCRs in patients with advanced HCC (NCT03132792) and autologous TCR-engineered T cell therapy targeting MAGEA1 in solid tumors such as HCC (NCT03441100). This evidence concerns the gene MAGEA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.