Latest work on the topic may come from Zhang et al. [88], employing Cytelligen’s SE-iFISH to identify PD-L1 positive, aneuploid circulating EnC (multiploidy in chromosme 8) assumed to be tumor-associated and investigating their usefulness as companion diagnostic as to predict resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patient [88]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.