Higher levels of monocytes and macrophage activity and circulatory mediators such as CX3CL1 (fractalkine), CRP (C-reactive protein), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL- (interleukin-) 6, IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), resistin, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), E-selectin, and IFN-γ (interferon-gamma) have been detected in patients with diabetes [104, 106–110]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and diabetes mellitus.