To conclude, mitochondrial ROS/RNS production is modulated by many factors including mitochondrial electron transport chain efficiency, mitochondrial antioxidant content, disponibility of oxygen, NO concentrations, availability of metabolic electron donors, UCP activity, cytokines, and vasoactive agonists affecting several disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke ... in which PGC-1α is a crucial factor to improve the metabolic states reducing oxidative stress effect in these pathologies [125, 126]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetes mellitus.