SOCS3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity promotes SOCS3 expression in the hypothalamus [14, 16], adipose tissue [16, 17], liver [16, 18], and skeletal muscle [16, 19], and SOCS3 might also upregulate the expressions of adipocyte inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 [20].