EIF2AK2 and infection: In the case of HCV, viral RNA is sensed soon after infection by the canonical sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I, which binds to the viral genome) and by the non-canonical protein kinase R (PKR, which recognizes the viral 5′UTR) or by the DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X, activated by the viral 3′UTR) (Figure 1) [14,15,16,17].