The protective role of A3AR in ischemia is possibly mediated by the preservation of ischemia-sensitive microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), enhancement of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein [298], depression of NOS, stimulation of glial CCL2 synthesis [299], and delay of irreversible synaptic failure [300]. The gene discussed is ADORA3; the disease is ischemia.